A seminal 2007 study on work design tests the impact of 14 work characteristics including motivational (e.g. autonomy), social (e.g., feedback from others), and work context (e.g., physical demands) characteristics on 19 work outcomes. These work outcomes included behavioural (e.g., performance, absenteeism), attitudinal (e.g., job satisfaction, promotion satisfaction, internal work motivation), and well-being (e.g., anxiety, […]
Vicarious learning, that is, learning from the experiences of others in the organization, including your peers, has always been a vital component of collective learning in any organization. Traditionally, vicarious learning was achieved through direct observation or formal knowledge transfer opportunities. However, these learning strategies are disappearing in the knowledge-intensive industries of today, where work […]
According to numerous social science theories. emotions arise based on the discrepancies between what we want and what we have. If we have or achieve what we want, then we feel positive emotions for example, if our favorite sports team wins an important game. If, on the other hand, we don’t achieve or don’t have […]
Building on internal and external research, the Center for Creative Leadership (CCL) has developed a framework that not only measures the impact of leadership development programs but also reveals the key contributing factors that influence their effectiveness. The framework measures the impact of a leadership development program at four different levels—individual, group, organization, and society—and […]
When we find ourselves in social situations that are unfamiliar, unsettling, or confusing, our tendency is not to react immediately, but rather to take a moment and think about what we want to do or say—that is, we appraise the situation to determine the appropriate behaviour in which to engage. As we appraise the situation, […]
A manager overreacts to an employee’s minor mistake and yells at the employee in front of his peers. Afterwards, the manager feels some guilt about the outburst for several reasons: she generally strives to be supportive of her employees, the employee is usually very trustworthy, and the mistake was easily repaired. The manager apologizes to […]
